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Percussion: the bass drum and snare drum

Whether played in orchestras, military bands or jazz, their effect is always striking ...

The bass drum

THE LOWEST DRUM used in the Western classical orchestra is the bass drum. Verdi used it in a very dramatic way in the Dies Irae of his Requiem.

The bass drum has a cylindrical shell of wood with two skins one on each end of the cylinder. The drum’s skin can be tightened but it is an un-pitched drum (this means it is not tuned to any specific pitch).

The bass drum was not much used in Europe until the late 18th century when interest in it increased enormously as a result of the popularity in Viennese circles of imitating Turkish music, or Janissary music as it was called. A good example of this can be found in Haydn’s 'Military' Symphony (No. 100).

The snare drum entered the present-day Western classical orchestra by way of military bands, and in fact in France it is still called the tambour militaire. Originally the instrument was slung from the shoulder and played while marching, but nowadays it sits on a little stand of its own.

The snare drum

The instrument consists of a small, cylindrical shell with a top skin (or head) of calfskin, or these days a plastic material. At the opposite end to the head, underneath the shell, are some loose metal rods that look rather like springs. These can be played either loose or tightened, and it's the vibrating of these that gives the instrument its particular sound. In Western classical music the snare drum is usually played with two wooden sticks, but in jazz and popular music it forms part of the ‘kit’ and is usually hit with a single stick. In Western classical music arguably its most famous use is in Ravel’s Bolero where it maintains the rhythm underlying the work’s slow orchestral crescendo.

David Hockings talks about and demonstrates the snare drum.

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